Biology Notes Unit 1

Carbohydrates * Carbohydrates argon made up of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. * Carbohydrates tummy be categorised into three groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. * Monosaccharides ar commonly referred to as sugars and are small hints * Polysaccharides however act as energy breeds, amylum and glycogen, and structural components, cellulose and chitin. * The formation of bonds between 2 monosaccharides is called condensation and the breakages of these bonds are called hydrolysis. Monosaccharide- these are the most basic forms of carbohydrates. These can be distribute away into two categories. * Pentose- Have five carbon atoms per molecule such(prenominal)(prenominal) as ribose and fructose. * Hexose- Have six carbon atoms per molecule such as alpha and of import glucoses. Disaccharide- A disaccharide is the carbohydrate bring forth when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction. Some exa mples permit in * Sucrose -> glucose + fructose * Maltose -> glucose + glucose * Lactose -> galactose + glucose Polysaccharide- Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units of either monosaccharides or disaccharides conjugated together by glycosidic bonds. starch * A polymer of alpha glucose.

* It is use as food store for plants. * Starch is an valuable storage molecule since it is compact, indissoluble in water, swampy to chemic reactions and is good hydrolysed when required. Glycogen * A polymer of alpha glucose. * It is utilize as an energy store in animals. ! * Glycogen is an important storage molecule since it is compact, insoluble in water, inert to chemical reactions and is easily hydrolysed when required. Cellulose * A polymer of beta glucose. * It is the constituent of cell walls and can be hydrolysed by ruminant animals by the action of cellulose enzymes. * consequently it is not branched provided arranged in a matrix which is bounded by hydrogen...If you want to get a wide-eyed essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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