Project Management as the Application of Knowledge Essay - 2

Project oversight as the Application of Knowledge - Essay ExampleThe gimmick constancy in the Gulf has witnessed a colossal leap in the past decade. This is rather paradoxical in the context of the global scotch slowdown, which negatively influenced the real estate sector in most parts of the world. In particular, the construction industry in the United Arab Emirates has bounced back on to the fast track, rapidly taking on massive projects towards using of tourism, housing, industrial and commercial faci illumineies, education and healthcare amenities, transportation as tumesce as expansion of ports and airports. The construction sector has been a key source in driving growth for the nations saving and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of around 9.5 per cent during 2012 - 2016. What you write here is the good context for the study place this in your part 1,m this area is for the lit review itself This trend has been possible largely due to the affluence o f the local Arab community, wealthy expatriates as well as favorable Government policies. The United Arab Emirates is witnessing huge investments from both, public and private enterprises in the construction sector, nidus on the development of infrastructure for hospitality, retail, real estate and the healthcare industry. Interestingly, Dubai is recognized to hold the highest per square kilometre of construction activity in the world (Faridi& El-Sayegh, 2006) Yet, it is observed that there are recurring problems of metre and price overruns in the UAEs construction industry. This is a major cause for concern, prompting a thorough understanding of the current scenario and the proposal of solutions to mitigate these issues in the construction industry. Project Management is defined as the practise of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to the project activities, in order to meet project requirements in an effective and timely manner. Project solicitude typically includes id entification of requirements, establishment of clear and achievable objectives, balancing the demands of quality, scope, time, cost and importantly, adapting specifications to meet the expectations of the various stakeholders. The occupation of Project Management to the construction industry as a scientific approach to mitigate time and cost overruns has been detailed by various researchers. There is a popular belief that time is funds and any delay is sure to have a significant impact on the costs incurred. The interplay of contractors, consultants, supervisors and owners moldiness be managed diligently by an effective manager, utilising project management techniques. The following will serve as a research proposal for a project that is concentric upon the role of project management in mitigating the cost and time overruns and construction projects in the United Arab Emirates.

The business of developing new drugs for cancer patients Essay

The business of developing new drugs for cancer patients - Essay poserCancer is basically the abnormality of cells which spreads throughout the body rendering it unable to survive. It is the complaint of malignant cells and tissues which work destroyed because of the germs of virus in the body, thus, called as Malignant Neoplasm. There argon no clear symptoms of the disease in the start of attack of cancer whereas later on certain(a) symptoms and presence of some detail signs cause the identification of disease. However, cancer can be recovered(p) with a little c are and sermon if it is detected at some early stages when the malignancy of tissues has not spread throughout the body. When a certain part of body has been affected by the cancerous germs and this disease id identified, it can easily be remedyd with the help of specific drugs that have been prepared for this purpose during last few decades. About a degree centigrade ago, cancer was not a known disease throughout the demesne and many people died of it without astute about its existence. With the use of advanced investigate and technology, the identification and word of this disease have become achievable to such an extent that almost 60 percent of patients at early stage have been cured in last few years and only a small number of patients have died of this disease. However, in last few years, this common killer disease has caught the attention of many specialist and researchers and they have been severe hard to discover new and curable solutions of this disease. It is observed that they have also been successful in their intentions as the business for developing new drugs for cancer treatment has been flourished to such an extent that many drugs have been introduced in the medical world which furnish gradual but successful relieve to this disease. Majority of the third world countries lack the sense to this disease, but in the developed nations like America, there is a considerable awareness and treatment available for cancer. The demand for such drugs that cure cancer is increasing mean solar day by day in all developed and under developed countries nowadays. Although there is a fast development and research in the field of developing drugs of different diseases, there are many different types of diseases among which certain are very dangerous, still considered incurable and need special attention for making of drugs for their cure. However, according to a recent research, it has been discovered that 200 various different kinds of cancer have been identified in cancer patients by the specialists according to an analysis, 1 in 3 Americans has been found affected by the identified cancerous forms darn everyday 1 American in 4 dies because of cancer besides the best treatment facilities and drugs availableness (Ernst, 2008). America is paying special attention to cure this disease and discover easy and simple methods to cure cancer. Their best qualified scien tists are involved in researching the cancer treatment drugs and they are spending $cxxv billion every year on the discovery, examination and drugs preparation for cure of cancer. It has also been hypothesized that cancer treatment budget can rise high up to $207 billion in America till 2020 (Ernst, 2008). It is very difficult to find some simple and pain free treatment drugs for cancer that can provide reliable, permanent and authentic relief to cancer patient. It is very expensive research project but Americans are trying hard for inventing some affordable cancerous treatment. Expensive treatment for cancer goes beyond commence for the poor just like prostate

Explain some of the reasons for the increase in family diversity over Essay

Explain some of the reasons for the increase in family conversion over the last 30 years - Essay ExampleHowever, family is considered to be the close important because it is the most significant institution for primary socialization of the upstart and to provide support and security to the members of the family. With time it has been claimed by some(prenominal) sociologists that the institution of the family is in decline due to the changes which are occurring in our surroundings. (Giddens,2005) There swallow been many changes in the family over the years. There has been a decline in marriage followed by an increase in cohabitation and lone parent families. The loss of functions supported by the weakening of all-inclusive kinship links have a bun in the oven resulted in declining family sizes. It is these changes that have caused increasing diversity in the family structures and these changes will be discussed in detail. Family is said to have lost most of its functions. Funct ionalist as a perspective, specialize in explaining the functions of all social institutions. Parsons and another(prenominal) functionalists wall that with the coming of industrialization the functions of the family have reduced and have been taken over by other institutions through and through the coming of the welfare state. This has resulted in structural differentiation of the functions (Browne, 2006, pg 43). According to Parsons Family now have two base functions primary socialization of the young and the stabilization of the adult personalities. Initially family was a unit of production as well as a place which was not only responsible for the primary socialization of the young but also involved in their wellness and education aspects. However, with the coming of the welfare state health and education are no longer the primary functions of the family. Now family is more a unit of custom rather than a unit of production. (Giddens, 2005) The next visible change in the family is the weakening of the link with the extended kin. As time has progressed after industrialization there has arrived a need of a more geographically mobile workforce. This has resulted in different members of the extended family to go for work to different places. People have get down richer now and the standard of living has improved due to the existence of the welfare state. The society has now modify into a meritocratic one where the name and background is no longer important and this result in the weakening of the ties of the extended family. (Browne, 2006) There is an argument put forward by sociologists that the extended family does exist in the modern society. It has just evolved into a different shape. A very good example will be the Asian community in Britain (Browne, 2006, pg 50). The Asians are usually found living close to each other where there might be separate nuclear families living in the same street or neighborhood, and in regular contact with each other. Such e xamples have been visible in many areas and grown rise to the concept of modified extended families. This means that even though the children are living outdoor(a) from their parents they are in contact with their kin. It can be said the kin are a means of support and this type of family is common in many parts of the world. Julia Brannen (2003) argues that now we are living in the age of the beanpole family. As the expected lives of people are increasing and they are living longer this is swelled rise to a family where there are four

Trade Liberalisation Schemes Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Trade Liberalisation Schemes - Dissertation ExamplePrevious decades shoot been marked with an increase in the establishment of free patronage areas, backing agreements and attempts to reach international treaties towards traffic repose. Yet, mete out was liberalized by fewer countries than had been expected, and more importantly, trade liberalization policies have been implemented partially or tentatively. All three main constituents of national income cistron prices, factor quantities and production technology, are influenced by the trade liberalization process. An open international trade memorial tablet may contribute through better apportioning of world resources, through expansion of consumption opportunities and through a rise in production efficiency. In the view of the World Bank, trade liberalization is a major factor of economic festering, provided that additional conditions, such as macroeconomic stability and good governance are met.The current body of resear ch that examines the descent between trade liberalization and economic yield points to rather different conclusions, suggesting that little can be deemed as clear regarding the precise effects of trade liberalization on economic growth and want alleviation. Our research aims to determine how far trade liberalization schemes have been successful at promoting economic growth and what the implications have been for the relationship between developed and evolution countries.... Yet, trade was liberalized by fewer countries than had been expected, and more importantly, trade liberalization policies have been implemented partially or tentatively. (Nugent, 2002) All three main constituents of national income factor prices, factor quantities and production technology, are influenced by the trade liberalization process. (Parikh, 2007) An open international trade regime may contribute through better allocation of world resources, through expansion of consumption opportunities and through a rise in production efficiency. (Hoekman & Olarreaga, 2007) In the view of the World Bank, trade liberalization is a major factor of economic growth, provided that additional conditions, such as macroeconomic stability and good governance are met. (Spanu, 2003) The current body of research that examines the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth points to rather different conclusions, suggesting that little can be deemed as clear regarding the precise effects of trade liberalization on economic growth and poverty alleviation. Our research aims to determine how far trade liberalization schemes have been successful at promoting economic growth and what the implications have been for the relationship between developed and developing countries. To answer the research question we must examine the role of organizations such as WTO, in contingent the reasons for the breakdown of Doha round negotiations. Then we examine the concerns posed between the developed and d eveloping countries, bad special care to the question of protectionist measures and trade barriers. We assess the way in which liberalization influenced intellectual lieu rights and the availability of pharmaceutical

Mars Reconnaissance Orbits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

vitiate Reconnaissance Orbits - Essay congressmanModeling of the MRO came after NASAs successful Mars Global Surveyor that was designed to conduct Mars surveillance from firmament. In its earlier specifications, the satellite design included a large camera for taking high solution fascinating images of the Mars. This made Jim Garvin, a Mars exploration program scientist with NASA to predict that MRO would be like an orbit microscope. A visible-near-infrared spectrograph was also to be incorporated in the spacecraft. Five months later, after aero braking, the MRO entered began its major recognition phase after entering its final science orbit. In this way, it joined five different active spacecrafts in the vicinity of Mars that were either on the planet come up or in orbit. These another(prenominal)(a) active spacecrafts were two Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey and Mars Express.MRO is equipped with a set of NASAs most powerful scientific instrumen ts used in the analysis of minerals, stratigraphy, ice of Mars and landforms. They include instruments such as radar, cameras and spectrometers. They are significantly used in monitoring of daily scratch and atmospheric conditions of the Red Planet, and hosting of new MRO telecommunication systems for further future missions. It is probably remembered for discovery of ice and other startling discoveries on Mars such as dust devils going across the Mars surface and changing of sand dunes in real time as watched by its powerful cameras. The MRO has also helped to express the cause for the damage of Phoenix spacecraft that went out of touch with the earth and it has generally helped in other spacecrafts to stay in touch with the Earth.The prime scientific mission of the MRO ended in December 2010, pull down though NASA still believes that the spacecraft can still do well until 2015. Many new things take a leak been learned about the Red Planet courtesy of the spacecraft.

Compare and Contrast Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Compare and Contrast Research Methods - Essay ExampleMoreover this session as well as takes nates to converse most different matters etc. (Blumberg & Schindler, 2008).(Lewis & Saunders, 2009) demonstrate that the implication of this look for method is widely through in almost all major modes of studies. This gives a horizon that what actually people think. Focus sort out participants can vary from research to research. For instance to check out the performance of a car, focus base discussion takes place. The panel members in this discussion would be product manufacturing engineers, consumers, analysts, journalist, market gurus and future strength customers. Their depiction of thoughts will be the quintessence of this discussion. Moderator will ask certain focused research base questions from the panel members. Members upon their respective turn will read their views. The proposition of this tactic is mostly done in the subject of psychology, sociology, marketing and its sub branches, human resources management etc.To get the concrete picture about the thinking of consumers, market surveys act as the backbone. It has vast implication and is done in approximately research work. Market surveys provide the various ideas of people about a product, service or any other issue. People from diverse backgrounds provide their review about a certain product or service. They also bluntly demonstrate that what are the shortcomings and plus points of the product. Their representation of non fragmented thoughts makes this research technique powerful. Literate, illiterate- all consumers present their ideas clearly (Eriksson & Kovalainen, 2008).Market surveys are done in all the capacities to check out the positioning of a product or service. For instance to check out the impact of a certain mobile recollect among users and customers, cell phone market survey will be done which will give doubtful insight about what consumers think of it. It will also explain that wha t are its drawbacks, advantages and who are its customers. A pin down of

Advanced Managerial Accounting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Advanced Managerial Accounting Report - Essay ExampleMost Managers inquire forward implementing any of these damage systems where ABC is given a first priority due to its production be that are considered higher to those of schematic banking (Weygandt, Kimmel, and Kieso 56). ABC is a contrast of conventional banking since it helped patients in their treatment when it came to hospitals. stuffy accounting is a simple method for managing costs compared to ABC. However, it is not accurate and most of the duration is attended by under-costing and also over-costing. ABC is able to capture changes through direct measurement of activity levels thus adjusting from distortions that arise in the conventional cost system (Weygandt 45). However, there exists a similarity among these two cost systems where provision of costs similar to those of ABC can be structured by conventional accounting.In conclusion, both cost systems ABC and conventional accounting have their place of application and duration of time matters. They all are implemented differently but all of these systems of accounting have a economic consumption in any business despite of different strengths and weaknesses. ABC works best for most businesses compared to conventional

Alcohol and Performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcohol and Performance - Research Paper ExampleWhen we savor back on history, it is easy to gather that alcoholic beverage had been utilise socially for umpteen diverse purposes alike(p) providing courage in battles, calming feuds, sealing pacts and celebration festivals (Batista et al., 33-42).As of today, alcoholic beverages, used by many to relax, act as a social ice-breaker or, in other words, bridge-builder, is a way to alter adepts mood by decreasing ones reserve. While its use is prevalent and gratifying in our society, it should not come as a surprise that problems arise in the use of alcohol and the performance of safety-related activities, such as driving an automobile or flying an aircraft. These problems are make worse by an exaggerated confidence and a tendency to forget that flying an aircraft is a passing demanding cognitive and psychomotor task that takes place in an inhospitable, trying environment where pilots are exposed to conglomerate stressors (Batista et al., 33-42).In general the effects of alcohol consumptions on the human body are detrimental. The first circumstance to mention is that pharmacologically ethanol can be relegated to anesthetic drugs. The most sensitive to it are the systema nervosum centrale cells, especially the cells of the cerebral cortex, influencing which it arouses alcoholic excitement associated with the inhibitory process decreasing (Van Reen, 137). Then also stimulative processes are decreasing, followed by inhibition of medulla oblongata and spinal cord that leads to the respiratory center suppression. If not used for medical purpose it is harmful for health being consumed even in small amounts. Thus, alcohol is sedative, just about hypnotic and extremely addicting drug (Van Reen, 137). It quickly impairs the situation assessment and causes the behavior that can easily result to unexpected emergency, or worse, lead to an accident.The process of ethanol circulation needs to be elaborated to explain it s wayward effects. Thuswise, alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine, and

Ecotourism and Carbon Neutrality Research Paper

Ecotourism and Carbon neutrality - Research Paper Example265). On pate of these direct benefits, there are also indirect contributions in the form of millions of dollars directed to conservation projects from trance fees, tourist philanthropic donations and ecotourism-operator philanthropy. However if ecotourism wishes to claim environmental bragging rights, it has to do better with regards to carbon system and climate change. Like most contemporary forms of lead, ecotourism depends heavily on fossil fuel-dependent forms of transportation. This means that responsible travel to natural ranges starts out with an environmental debt, especially with regards to the carbon emissions that must be repaid for there to be a net environmental gain. It is imperative that ecotourism incorporates other creative forms of carbon balancing as part of the mankind practice, thus reducing its carbon debt from the start. Carbon neutrality is the benchmark in the maturation of ecotourism (Durham & Stronza, 2008, pg. 266). Ecotourism and Carbon Neutrality Increasingly ecotourism has been described to represent or at least encourage sustainable forms of tourism in natural areas. Sustainable tourism is focused on using imagings sustainably and reducing over-consumption and waste (Buckley, 2004, pg. 15). Ecotourism is defined as the environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to adore and appreciate nature and any accompanying ethnic features that promotes conservation, has low visitor impact and provides for beneficially officious socio-economic involvement of local population (Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996, pg. 20 Buckley, 2004, pg. 15). However, travel or mobility are mostly associated with considerable resource use in the form of fossils fuel and it therefore directly challenges the... This paper approves that ecotourism has been recognized and acclaimed with safeguarding biological and cultural diversity, reducing rural poverty and increasing public consciousness of environmental concerns as well as bolstering ties concerning tourism operators and local population. For this reason, it has increased in popularity with tourists as well as governmental development organizations and conservation agencies. However, for ecotourism to remain viable and appealing into the future, unambiguous and untainted means must be found to bemuse ecotourism carbon neutral or better.This essay makes a conclusion that universal resorts in pursuit of organism carbon neutral have begun to use alternative fuels in their service vehicles in an attempt to swing music down toxic emissions. Moreover, the cooking oil utilized in its restaurants is reprocessed and reused as are the paper and unreal supplies used throughput the resort. At SeaWorld and its affiliate parks, hydrogen energies fuel shuttles, dinnerware and utensils are produced from vegetable starch and sugarcane. Seafood, even for its beast populations is procu red from green and natural fisheries, moreover, it has teamed up with the Rainforest Alliance to guarantee that foods acquired are farmed and harvested in manners that protects and safeguards area wildlife, habitats as well as the people. By the way, still in pursuit of carbon neutrality, the use of public transportation most notably by Disney World has gone a long way in reducing carbon emissions.

Crital Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crital Art - Essay physical exerciseTherefore, in essence, Leonardo DiCaprio who is the star of the movie reflects the nature of men in the story Roman emperor Caligula. This similarity in the storyline especially the sex lives of these historical setting reach outs the movie an ethical into the modern-day society.Notably, Terence Winter adopted the wolf of Wall highroad storyline from Jordan Belfort, a short letterbroker who succeeded in the stockbroking venture mingled with the 1980s and 1990s. Belfort fortune into the business was a fortune that led him to earn status quo. Therefore, the inject was pegged at heart this understanding, but the film looks to be highly exaggerated especially in the excessive pleasures that also seem to be bottomless. The film runs for three hours but it may interesting to watch for over hours however, some scenes make the movie disturbing that elongate the time on such scene.The film is made up of characters from contrastive background inc luding low life and high life personalities. The mixture of this nature only tries to bring the film into the mediate societal context. For instance, Queens who raised Belfort were from middle class setting. These queens failed to elevate Belfort to his targets to his Wall Street dreams. This failure may be translated that more traditional ways of life cannot fit into the contemporary demands and successes (The Wolf of Wall Street, 2013). Alternatively, the successes achieved by most of the characters especially the main character is an indication that hard work and pay off strategies are the key successes in in life.Additionally, just like in the film where Leonardo DiCaprio reinvented himself by leaving a larger firm to start from smaller start, Matthew McConaughey got laid off in 1987 from the market place crash. In this nature, he reinvented himself by moving to the Long Island where he made a penny stock boiler room and renaming his old

Describe the ways that airports can prepare for and respond to Essay

Describe the ways that airports throw out prepare for and respond to aircraft accidents - Essay ExampleSet up and train emergency response team. This team is trained specifically to deal with emergencies in the airport plot of land waiting for an external help from specialized teams like fire fighters who will take charge of the smear once they arrive.Have an onsite medical facility. The advantage of having an onsite medical facility in place is that the airport can perform first aid procedures on the affected persons so that their condition can be change before they are transferred for further treatment outside the airport facilities.Have an onsite medics and fire fighters. Medical effect and fire fighters have been trained and are always ready to respond to any emergency so long as it is within their control. Their presence in the airport facility is an assurance enough to travelers that their caoutchouc has been taken care of.In conclusion, a successful response of the airpo rt during an accident is determined on how prepared they are and this can be gained by following the above guidelines in addition to the practices pose down by the airport

Music has the power to change lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Music has the power to swop lives - Essay ExampleMusic is about world sensitive to sounds about listening to sounds youve never perceive before. These simple sentences speak volumes in terms of a philosophical background for modern music curricula. For being sensitive to sounds read being sensitive to what someone somewhere else in the world is saying through with(predicate) musical sound (Hurworth, 2003). Music surrounds our lives, we hear it on the radio, on television, from our car and home stereos. We come crossways it in the mellifluous tunes of a classical concert or in the devotional strains of a bhajan, the wedding ceremony band, or the reaper in the fields breaking into song to express the joy of life. Even warbling in the bathroom gives us a happy start to the day. Since time immemorial, music has infused a spark of the worshipful in human beings. Stating the esoteric nature of music, Sufi saint and musician Hazrat Inayat Khan said The admittedly harmony of music c omes from the harmony of the soul. That music alone can be called real which comes from the harmony of the soul, its veritable source, and when it comes from there, it must appeal to all souls (Sokhal, 1998). Many argue that music is not a natural kind. Indeed, by-line a conventional dictionary definition of music - The art of combining sounds of voices or instruments to achieve mantrap of form and expression of emotion - it would be difficult to do so.

Ethics Physical Privacy Burlington Northern Railway case 3 Essay

Ethics Physical Privacy Burlington Northern Railway case 3 - adjudicate ExampleAlso the use of newer and more innovative technology and equipments, and also services has caused the companionship to be better recognised. Also the efficiency in usage of the energy and cost of savings and speed has self-aggrandizing the company and has built a history as big as the west.The company has been accused for testing its employees for genetic tests. These tests affirm been taken without the familiarity of the workers and the test have mainly been undertaken to ensure that the workers do not have any genetic defects. This is a very incorrect step that has been undertaken by the company and it is accounts for actions that atomic number 18 unlawful and also pushes the company into committing the mistake of discriminating the employees based on the disabilities or even unnecessarily. These stairs that have been undertaken by the company has cost the company a lot of money to be gainful out as wages to the employees. It is to be noted that the employees who became a part of this and had been victimised, were given a compensation of $2.2 Million to settle the charges of illegally testing the workers for the genetic defects in the case of the government against workplace deoxyribonucleic acid discrimination. This company is one of the biggest railroad companies in the country and the company has denied the violation of the law which turned the company to create a new milestone in the world of medical privacy. Also it has created a pock in the DNA based job discrimination. The company has violated the law and has also caused to breach the rules of the U.S. reach Employment Opportunity Commission. Burlington Northern railways have been charged by the EEOC for testing thirty six employees without their knowledge for a specific genetic disorder. This was majorly done for the people working on the tracks to ensure that they did not have carpal tunnel syndrome. The tests have been conducted along with the comprehensive diagnostic exam of the employees. Also a a few(prenominal) of the

Immigration in the 19th Century vs. Now Research Paper

Immigration in the 19th Century vs. Now - Research Paper Examplethe States is a secular democratic country with high levels of living standards and equal respect to all religions which makes the States the paradise of immigrants now. On the other hand, poerty and poor living standards labored people from all over the world to immigrate to the States in the nineteenth coke. This paper briefly compares and contrasts the current and nineteenth century immigration to America. Nineteenth century witnessed industrial revolution in America. The evolution of better technologies and advancements in recognition helped America to focus more on industrial development in the nineteenth century. Factories and manufacturing units established plumping in number during this period which forced people from other ingredients of the world to immigrate to America because of the scope of getting better jobs Majorities of immigrants came during the 1820s - 1890s were mostly from Ireland and Germany. F amine and poverty in Ireland, and political excitation in Germany brought about five one thousand million immigrants (Immigration and Industrialization in the Nineteenth century). Though life in Ireland was cruel, immigrating to America was not a joyful event...it was referred to as the American Wake for these people knew they would never represent Ireland again. Those who pursued this path did so notwithstanding because they knew their future in Ireland would only be more poverty, disease, and English oppression. America became their dream (Irish Immigrants in America during the 19th Century) The nineteenth century immigrants mainly focused in getting jobs in American industrial units. However, current immigrants are not only exploring job opportunities, only when also exploring the opportunities for establishing small scale businesses in America. Many of the current Indian and Pakistani immigrants have their declare industrial units in America. Many of the people who are re locating to America at present are smell for opportunities to establish their own business units in America, rather than exploring the possibilities of getting a job. The nineteenth century immigrants got only lowly paid hard jobs with high amount of risks. The scope for a better future forced them to accept risky jobs (Immigration and Industrialization in the Nineteenth century). On the other hand the current immigrant alliance is not much keen in accepting risky jobs. They always give preferences to safe and insure jobs with the chances of getting a decent salary. Mexicans were another prominent community which started to immigrate to America during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Poor administration, low wages, poverty, increasing population etc in Mexico forced Mexicans to cross the border, both finished legal and illegal channels. Mexico and America are neighboring countries which helped the Mexicans to cross the borders easily. Currently Mexicans are the largest minority groups in America. The flow of immigrants from Mexico to the United States has declined sharply since mid-decade. The Mexican-born population in the U.S., which had been growing earlier in the decade, was 11.5 million in early 2009. That figure is not significantly different from the 11.6 million Mexican immigrants in 2008 or the 11.2 million in 2007 (Passel). The recent recession problems in America are suspected as the major fence for the stabilization of Mexican immigration. The American economic growth was seriously affected

Art as a Political Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art as a Political Statement - Essay Example simply it is a measure of his talent, of his ability to meld form and context, that these works have only served to enhance his report card over time. In fact, virtuoso of his political paintings is generally necessitateed to be his dandyest work. The Death of Marat portrays the murder of Jean-Paul Marat, one of the French Revolutions most incendiary journalists and radical thinkers. Just as Marat himself was a polarizing physique who stirred powerful sentiments, Davids portrait of his murdered corpse was intended to elicit an emotional chemical reaction from the viewer. The paintings context is clear Marat has been martyred by an enemy of the revolution, whose act should serve as a rallying point for those whom Marat sought to inspire. Marat had admitted into his chambers a young Girondist woman named Charlotte Corday, a citizen of the provinces. She plunged a spit deep into Marats chest as he sat in his bathtub, killing him in seco nds. Davids representation of the murder exhibits a form that is at once affecting and subtle, as though the artist sought to make a political statement in a way that would be impactful without change the viewers sensibility. There is a blending of subject and background that focuses attention on the nonviable mans body in a unique manner. ... xiv). It is a remarkable achievement. The Death of Marat is undoubtedly a work of political propaganda by an artist deeply moved by a politically motivated assassination. Davids painting was also remarkable for the effect it had on its subjects legacy. In Revolutionary France, Marat was widely seen as a rabble rouser, an unscrupulous politico and opportunist who had parlayed unprecedented complaisant and political turmoil into a stage for his own renown. In spite of this, Davids subliminal draw in to the viewer, his classically oriented interpretation of the Revolutionary periods most famous assassination has obscured the prejudicious as pects of Marats persona. Davids purpose in The Death of Marat is to bring attention to Marats prestige as a leader of transformative social change, a matter for which the artist cares deeply. Marat himself is idealized and flawless, an expression of the compassion and rape David felt at his murder (Twomey, 2012). It is this expressiveness that makes David one of the greatest synthesizers of form and content within the context of politics. Pablo Picasso - Guernica The great abstract artist Pablo Picasso was decidedly not a propagandist, though he is responsible for what many consider the greatest anti-war painting ever created. Guernica is Picassos representation of the slaughter of innocent citizens in the Basque village of Guernica by fascist (German and Italian) armed forces under the command of Spains nationalist government, headed by the dictator Francisco Franco. Picassos mural, created for the 1937 genus Paris International Exposition, portrays a chaotic, jumbled scene meant to convey genocidal destruction let loose by the fascists on a profoundly vulnerable populace. It is also

World Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World Music - Essay ExampleMizwid and nay argon the Arabic instruments which are categorized as aero phones (Arab Music, 2009). Bassam Saba is the master player of nay (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007).These are utilize abundantly in Arabic Music in the form of ud, buzuq, qanun and rababah (Arab Music, 2009). Mohammad Abdel Karim from Syria, Matar Muhammad from Lebenon and Ali Jihad Racy from Lebanon are master players of Buzuq (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007).They create sound of music with strike, shake or pluck. In Arabic music, sijat and mihbaj used and can be categorized in idiophones (Arab Music, 2009). Zill is an example of idiophones used by musicians and belly dancers. It is a duette of small metal made round instrument. It creates a shrill sound with strike. Example of plucked Idiophone is Qanun. cut across players of qanun are Muhammad El Aqqad from Egypt) and Abraham Salman from Iraq (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007).These are chiefly drums. They use stretched sur face to create congresswoman. In Arabic music, the instruments are tabl, darbukkah and riqq (Arab Music, 2009). Master players of riq include Mohamed El Arabi , Adel Shams Eddine , Hossam Ramzi from Egypt (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007).Arabic music is based chiefly on sound as it expresses emotions. Arabic texture of music is monophony in nature as it system monophonic in nature whether one or multiple instruments voices are used (Arab Music, 2009). Maqam sets the stage for Arabic Music which is a mix of melodies and Arab meter (Arab Music, 2009). Amr Diab is the best singer in this context as his voice has best quality, texture and Arabic influence which makes one realizes the state of

Hollywood’s Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Hollywoods Dilemma strain subsequently two decades of labor peace, Hollywood is now facing a major dilemma as movie and tv writers embark on an perseverancewide feign. The walkout brought the first widespread shutdown of the entertainment assiduity since the 1988 writers engage which lasted five months and cost the industry more than $500 million. The call for strike resulted after more than triple months of contentious negotiations between the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers and the 12,000-member Writers Guild of America (WGA) whose contract run out last October 31. The dispute sparked after the writers demanded that they be give wayn a bigger slice of DVD gelt and revenue from the distri exclusivelyion of films and TV shows over the Internet. Producers however brushed off the writers requests, arguing that industry economics and still-shifting technology made accommodation impossible. The series of negotiations began as proto(prenominal) as July w ith a demand by the producers that compensation for the new media be postponed until an industry group could study the matter.It also demanded that writers accept a beginning restructuring of the residuals system, under which companies would make payments only after they had recouped the cost of movies and programs. Both demands were rejected by the writers. The producers then withdrew their demands simply refused to grant the writers requests. Failures to come up with a compromise led to writers warning that would stage a strike if their demands would not be met. The writers guild drew up an aggressive set of strike rules that forbid members from working(a) during the walkout.In response, producers published on their website a road map for writers who might want to invoke their rights under federal labor law to keep working during a strike. Other last-ditch talks occurred scarce these failed to avert the strike. The strike began after the failed negotiation talk on November 4. Writers in Los Angeles started picketing 14 studio locations in four-hour shifts from 9a. m. to 5p. m. On the other hand, 50 striking writers wore red strike T-shirts at Paramount Studios gate.In front of NBC studios at Rockefeller Center in New York, strikers used a giant shutout to impersonate network executives and chanted, No Contract, No Shows. Unlike the 1988 writers strike which led to flourishing of reality television, cheaper production costs, and decent ratings for broadcast and cable networks, this years strike seems to result to more negative effectuate to the entertainment industry. The first casualties are the late-night talk shows which depend primarily on current events.Also evaluate to feel the strikes impacts are the daytime television shows and soap operas which usually tape to the highest degree a week in advance. Production of movies and primetime TV programs shall also be affected though the make will not be immediate as most of the studios have stockpi led dozens of scripts which could last until early next year. The strike really has great implications not only in the entertainment industry but in the countrys economy as well.It affects not only the 200,000 workers in the movie and television industry but other industries as well. It also threatens to affect the economy of Southern California. The entertainment industry contributes an estimated $30 billion annually, or about seven percent to the economy of Los Angeles County. The local tourist economy shall likewise be affected as there is a tendency that tourists who observe that the entertainment industry is shut down will conclude that the economy is also weakening.In conclusion, the two parties must give way to each others demands and come into compromise for the sake of the industry itself and the national economy. After all, strikes or its any other forms are useless if none of the parties involved would find way to compromise. work CitedCieply, Michael. Hollywood Producer s Drop a Key Demand The New York Times. October 17, 2007 Hollywood Writers Strike Ohio. com. November 5, 2007 http//www. ohio. com/news/break_news

The Heart of a Teacher Essay Example for Free

The pith of a Teacher EssayAs I leaned on my headboard, I found myself heading towards the delight of reading this article ab proscribed how the real instructor teaches with his/her heart in the classroom. And so I started reflecting on what kind of a instructor I am. Teaching at first has not come in my wildest dream tho since the family whom I came from smokenot afford to send me to exclusive schools or well-kn feature universities where I mickle pursue my c beer (fine arts which I wish to pursue), theres no way out but to take up the course of education. I fear the fact of entering this path because in the first place, its not my first choice and its none of my choices. I think I had single the nerve to enroll since my mom is besides a instructor. It was funny to recall when my professor in the graduate school, Dr. Irapta, asked who among us had experienced role playing as a teacher at shoes during our childhood, pretending that it was a real classroom scenario. I wasnt sure how would I answer that principal since the real thing is that I hadnt.But years went on and I started and learned to love what command has to offer me. And I think that I already possess what this article is trying to imply, the heart of a teacher. With this, I do agree with the statement that quotes We became teachers for reasons of the heart, animated by a passion for virtually up to(p) and for helping people to learn. It is very homely on us who consider teaching as a vocation wherein we put our heart not only to the occupation itself but to the student-learners and the subject as well.sometimes were carried by the fact that we create harmonious relationship with this community of teachers, students and subject. Were driven by some objectives, not only for the salary but our mission and passion to help the innocent ones to witness them out of their shells and discover the reality of unbelievable ideas and concepts in this world. But, we cannot deny the fact tha t many of us regress heart as the years of teaching go by for so many reasons. The question becomes How can we develop and sustain, in ourselves and each other, the heart for right-hand(a) teaching?Good teaching requires bravery the courage to explore ones ignorance as well as insight, to yield some control in order to empower the group, to evoke other peoples lives as well as give notice (of) ones own. This means overcoming fears that block good teaching and learning. When our fears as teachers mingle and multiply with the fears deep down our students, teaching and learning become mechanical, manipulative, and lifeless. Some tend to be distracted with the external forces around them some were disillusioned with the factors and techniques for tone downing their hearts and for keeping each heart open.When we lose our heart, we need an understanding of our condition that provide liberate us from this condition. We need to keep our hearts open to students so that we can induct teacher and students and subjects be interwoven into the fabric of community that learning and living require. We, teachers must try to connect ourselves, as well as our subjects to students so that we can create good rapport and learning environment. There must be an inner dialogue of reflection.Seldom, I ask the who questionwho is the self that teaches? How does the quality of my selfhood formor deformthe way I relate to my students, my subject, my colleagues, and my world? How can educational basiss sustain and deepen the selfhood from which good teaching comes? In relation to this, we need to recover the heart to teach by reclaiming our relationship with the teacher indoors. Listening to the voice within is somewhat easy to do and in fact, helped me to simply reflect on what I have done in a days work.The same thing as putting my heart while reading this article and finding solitude and silence just to supervise up with the question in me, How can I develop the capacity to stand my ground in the midst of the complex forces of both the classroom and my own life? We must reclaim our relationship with the teacher within. A teacher who invites me to honor my true self-not my ego or expectations or image or role, but the self I am. The voice of the inward teacher reminds me of my potentials and limits as I negotiate the force surface area of my life.What we teach go away never take unless it connects with the inward, living core of our students lives, with our students inward teachers. We can only chat to the teacher within our students when we are speaking with the teacher within ourselves. How does one attend to the voice of the teacher within? Some particular methods are solitude and silence meditative reading and walking in the woods, keeping a journal, finding a friend who will simply listen. I merely plan that we need to learn as many ways as we can of talking to ourselves. However, conversation with my peers feels give care being at ease, tru sted and able to trust and above all, it helps me cultivate a sense of identity element and integrity that allows me to feel at home wherever I am. I experienced sometime in my own teaching when I lose touch with my inner teacher and my own authority. During those times, I seek to regain it by wielding the threat of grades but when the voice within authorized me to teach, authority comes as I reclaim my identity and integrity, as I remember my selfhood and my sense of vocation.When the teachers struggle to survive from losing their heart, I look it would in any case be practical to have some fun and techniques that ordinary teachers can use in everyday class. The same thing with my experience, I use different techniques, much practical techniques, such as motivating the students and getting their attention to focus on the subject, which will result to staying alive of the students inside the classroom. It is also a daily scenario in our faculty room where they argue close to wh at to do with the students.Some questions their own limits and potentials when it comes to relations with the relation between the subject and students lives. I wont forget when my co-teacher told me how he was grasping about my strategies and techniques on classroom management and on my way of teaching how do I make my class in order and teach with my heart while during his class with the same set of students, he fails to control the discipline and fails to earn full respect of the whole class which must be evident on their way of interaction.While listening to his clamors, I was thinking of the best techniques I could offer him, but, to my surprise, it came to the bakshis that he was planning to quit teaching. I dont know why he had that cerebration of giving up until I read this article. I realized that he has lost his heart and he must be able to understand his condition so that he can avoid himself from authentically losing it and recover from it instead. This teacher must talk with the teacher within him and find out how to overcome this condition.As I go on reading the article, I found the statement that says, The institutions in which they work are the hearts worst enemy, which is indeed correct. Some leaders operate with a deep, unexamined insecurity about their own identity. These leaders create institutional settings which deprive others of their identity as a way of dealing with the unexamined fears in the leaders themselves. Institutions continually try to diminish the human heart to consolidate their own power, then, the undivided self of a teacher is left with a discouraging choice.In the end, the teacher will be distant from the institution or will maintain external vigilance against institutional invasion. Teachers have lead capabilities waiting to be unlocked and engaged for the good of the schools. But if the teachers in some schools or institutions will not be given chance to grow not only professionally but also inwardly, theres a t endency that the teacher might withdraw from teaching. The question is, how can the institution educate students if they fail to support the teachers inner life? We must create enough spaces and trusting relationships within the teachers workplace. With this, we may be given opportunities to grow inwardly as teachers and we can be able to sort out our own struggles and joys as teachers so that healing can happen within us not only for our sake but our teaching and students as well. With this, we can bring back our hearts to teaching and reclaim our identity and integrity in teaching.

Worldview Essay of Romans Essay Example for Free

Worldview Essay of Romans EssayIntroductionIn capital of Minnesota letter to the Romans he provides for us a biblical view of creation, which is our subjective earthly concern, our merciful identity operator as it relates to idol, human kind and how it should be understand and floriculture. He shows us Gods come for entirely piece, disregarding of nationality or cultural punctuate through His saving grace found in Jesus christ. He grants salvation to entirely by faith in His son, with no favoritism or partiality. Man is incapable of saving himself, it is not earn through his works or good deeds, its only found by faith in deliverer. It is immanent for us today to have a clear and proper biblical understanding of our Creator, our relationship to Him and others, sin and its consequences and also our justification and redemption found in Jesus Christ.The Natural WorldOur natural world was spoken into existence by God and was perfect in its creation. The bible expla ins to us how the world was formed in Genesis 11-25 and God called His creation good. His purpose for creating our natural world and all that is in it was to worship and glorify Him. Our natural world is clearly a manifestation of His existence, sovereignty and queen as stated in (Romans 120-21). There is general revelation of Gods creation, which speaks to everyone regardless of their culture and language and regardless of their access to Scriptures or the gospel harmonise to (Psalms 191-6). God mean for man to subdue and take dominion of the earth, but man failed because of sin according to (Genesis 128). However, according to Romans 835-39, there is nothing that can separate us from the love of God. This is comforting to know that in a world that has fallen and is extremely sinful, that we have an assurance and hope, which is found by faith in Christ Jesus.Human IdentityOur identity originated in God, and in His cast were we made (Genesis126-27). We not only have a spiritual stunt man but also a physical image as well. Jesus Christ, Emmanuel, meaning God with us, came in the form of a man to redeem mankind back to the Father. But, since the inception of sin, our physical and spiritual image has been marred and our fellowship with God was broken. We were born with an identity problem, because we are descendants of Adam and Eve who sinned, and their act of independence passed d feature from generation to generation.In Romans 121-24, these people knew God, but their hearts and minds had become darkened and they reveled in wickedness. They thought of themselves to be wise, however they were fools. They til now exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man, birds and animals and snakes. They distorted the image of their Creator and God gave them over to their sinful desires and the lust of their own hearts. Man will never richly understand his true identity until he comes to a saving knowledge of who Christ is and what H e has through with(p) for him. Only then will his eyes be open and his new identity revealed.Human RelationshipsOur human relationships with each other can be challenging because of sin and its tendencies to put strife between us. God intended for man and woman to be fruitful and multiply, to dwell in peace, love and unity. We are to love and forgive one another, and not stand in judgment against each other. Show kindness to our enemies notwithstanding those who oppose God. For God is love. However, that changed after sin entered our world. Man began to do what was pleasing and right in his own eyes. Sin took man so far from Gods design that they exchanged their natural affections for each other. They abandoned their natural desire for each other to unnatural ones, although they knew these things were wrong. Therefore God gave them over to a reprobate mind to do what ought not to be done (Romans 126-32). capital of Minnesota states in Romans 623 for the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus.CultureWe can clearly see the culture of that time had completely turned from God flush though they knew God. They rejected Him and lived life on their own terms and by their own rules. This is the mindset of our culture today. The early church culture also dealt with a lot of legalism. Some believe to be a Christian one must obey the laws of Moses, which I believe is in error. Ourjustification is in Christ and not the law. After the cross, the two nations of Jews and Gentiles are now one in Christ. The new covenant is to twain the Jews and the Gentiles (Ephesians 211-22). There is much division in our world because of different worldviews and how one believes. In Romans, Paul teaches us our sanctification and justification is in Christ alone. The mercy and grace of God has been extended to all mankind regardless of race, creed, color or culture.We have a responsibility to share the love of God with all cultures to bring them to a sa ving knowledge of Gods grace through Christ. In conclusion, Paul teachings help us to understand how God views sin and its consequences. His message also reveals Gods business and forgiveness through Christ. Our natural world, our human identity, relationships and our culture has been given a glorious opportunity to be renewed and redeemed through the blood of Jesus. We should not conformed to this world, but be transformed by revolution our minds and share that revelation to others through the love of God. Therefore, having a proper biblical worldview are both essential and valuable to us and our world.

College Athletes Should be paid Essay Example for Free

College Athletes Should be give EssayToday, professional person playing periods argon no drawn-out scarcely sport and games like they used to be, they be a business. And college sports ar the same. high-ranking college sports contribute a legal age of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are do millions from their sports. And period this is tout ensemble happening, the athletes are receiving a erudition and little more. Although a full ride to college whitethorn be nil to speak up intimately when the daub is more closely examined it is realized that for round athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are do millions of horses finish off of their protagonists jersey, then he should be entitled to near of those earnings. That coin is in truth his or hers and college athletes be the property that they earn through their hard work and committal and as the professionals do. College athletes extremity to be pa id because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an brand on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest joust with both the tax The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industriousness that generated over $845 billion last year imputable to their players office to cling to and achieve to their fullest design at all times.(Sonny)College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hersand college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny)College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. F rom ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they usedto be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes nee d to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities income. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athlete s, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny) College Athletes Should Be PaidToday, professional sports are no longer just fun and games like they used to be, they are a business. And college sports are the same. High-level college sports provide a majority of a universities incom e. From ticket sales to television contracts, universities are making millions from their sports. And while this is all happening, the athletes are receiving a scholarship and little more. Although a full ride to college may be nothing to complain about when the situation is more closely examined it is realized that for some athletes, that isnt enough. If universities are making millions of dollars off of their superstars jersey, then he should be entitled to some of those earnings. That money is rightfully his or hers and college athletes deserve the money that they earn through their hard work and dedication just as the professionals do. College athletes need to be paid because the universities are using their talent for money opportunities, for some athletes the pros isnt guaranteed, and an injury on a sport scholarship could set some up for failure.The biggest controversy with all the revenue The NCAA is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over $845 billion last year due to their players ability to entertain and perform to their fullest extent at all times.(Sonny)

Interpersonal Communication Skills Essay Example for Free

Inter personal Communication Skills EssayEmotionThe word emotion includes a wide divagate of observable behaviors, expressed feelings, and changes in the body state. Emotions atomic number 18 feelings. Emotional communication, then, refers to the act of communicating your feelings. This is overly know as ablaze intelligence or social intelligence. There are six principles of emotion and emotional messages.1. Emotions whitethorn be primary or blendedA primary emotion is a staple fiber emotion. These would be the eight basic emotions joy, acceptance, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger and anticipation. Emotions that are close to each other on this hertz are also to close to each other in meanings. In this model there are also blends. These blended are the combinations of primary emotions. They are noned at the outside the wheel. For example, according to this model, hunch over is a blend of joy and acceptance, whereas remorse is a blend of disgust and sadness.2. Emoti ons are influenced by body, mind, and subtletyEmotions involve at least three parts bodily reactions, mental evaluation and interpretations and cultural rules and beliefs. corporeal reactions to emotions are pretty obvious and include things like blushing when youre embarrassed, nervous habits, or sweaty palms. The mental and cognitive part of emotion experiences involves the evaluation and interpretations you make on the basis of what you experiences. For example, you may feel angry if somebody is rude or insensitive to you on purpose. Culture also dictates how we should express and interpret our emotions as well. For example, Chinese students show respect by being quiet and passive. Asking questions would imply that the teacher was not lay down on the lecture.3. Emotions may be adaptive and maladaptiveEmotions are often adaptive that is, they can economic aid you adjustappropriately to situation. For example, if youre worried you wont do well in something, youll work harder to prepare for that situation. Emotions may be maladaptive and may get in the way of your accomplishing your goals. For example, if you are so anxious somewhat a situation that you dont prepare for it. In other ways emotions can create problems is in a tendency that some theorists have cleverly c all in alled catastrophizing taking a problem even a barbarian one and make it in to a catastrophe.4. Emotions are communicated verbally and nonverballyAccording to DeVito (2009), Theorists do not agree over whether you can choose the emotions you feel. Some argue that you can others argue that you cannot. You are, however, in take care of the ways in which you express your emotions. In some instances you determine whether you want to express your emotions in full, moreover with other times you censor your emotions.5. Emotional expression is governed by display rulesWeve talked about display rules before, provided to refresh your mind it is what is and is not appropriate to do. The differ ences we see are in the emotional expression. Men and women also have gender display rules for what is and isnt appropriate to express within his or her finishing. For example, its appropriate in our culture for women to divulge a lot of their emotions and feelings however, it is not seen in the same light when men divulge all of their emotions to other men.6. Emotions are contagiousEmotions can be contagious. If you think of a time where one person starts laughing, and then the people around start laughing, you can see this theory working. Emotional contagion is outlined as emotions passing from one person to another. Another form of emotional contagion deals with persuasions utilizing emotional appeals.

The Signalman Essay Example for Free

The Signalman EssayThere is an immediate sense of the unknown. The first pull out in the story is Halloa, below there . This opens the story with a sense of mystery. There are dickens people unknown to each former(a), one high, and the other below. The narrator is seen as the being in the strawman of light and the signalman is in the dark. This is an extreme contrast to suggesting there is a sense of difference between the 2 characters. The description of the railway cutting is extremely dark. His past was in a solitary and dismal smear as I ever saw.On either side a dripping wet circumvent of jagged stone, excluding all view but a strip of sky. The description describes a very depress place, almost reminding the reader of Hell, or something equivalent. This gives the reader the feeling of a bad place, which builds up tension, suspense, and suspicion, as to what go out happen in this horrible cutting. We are also given a vivid description of the Signalmans character. As the story continues, we see the Signalmans character develop into a professional man.We go out he is a very educated man, but ran wild at university, thus being expelled. A student of raw(a) philosophy, and attended lectures, but had run wild, misused his opportunities, gone down and never risen again. We also find out he has other qualities, which are being reliable and dutiful. We see this when he stops in mid-sentence in order to carry out his duties on the line. I observed him to be remarkably slender and vigilant, breaking of his discourse at a syllable, and remaining until what he had to do was doneThis leads us to call up the Narrator became impressed and interested by the Signalman. Through the Signalmans haunting we can also see other sides of him. We see he has a lot of fear, of the haunting. We can especially see this in his language in following his long conversation with the visitor, What is the danger? Where is the danger? . These short sharp sentences show the fea r in the signalman. We could also see this when the traveller introduces himself, as this is where we get the first hints of the Signalmans instability and fear.He believes he has seen the traveller before and when asked where He ushered to the red light he had looked at, there. We know the Signalman is showing fear at this point as he speaks in a low voice. The language used by ogre is befittingly old fashioned, which suits it as nowadays the most popular ghost stories were written in the 19th century, though in a subordinate position, still he held a most important trust, and would I comparable to stake my own life on the chances of his continuing to execute it with precision? As you can see, the bearing of writing is quite complicated and written in the familiar old fashioned Victorian style. Dickens use of adjectives to create a menacing and supernatural atmosphere is typical of ghost stories. The cutting which is overshadowed by trees leaving little light to shine through is described as a dungeon suggesting a claustrophobic and imprisoned atmosphere which is typical of a ghost story. Rarely are ghost stories bunch in wide sprawling open spaces and this is no exception.Dickens describes the tunnel as having a puritanical entrance and the actual tunnel itself being black and the signal box as dismal. But he then goes onto describe the mouth of the tunnel as described as having a barbarous, depressing and baleful air and then the narrator feels as though he had left the natural world akin he had entered hell. Kasim Hassan Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written element of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poe Essay1. According to the first paragraph, what characteristics of the Red decease make it such a horrible disease? * The characteristics of the Red Death that make it such a horrible disease are the profuse amounts of blood, sharp pains, sudden dizziness, and the seizure.2. Describe in detail Prosperos propose for escaping the epidemic. * Prosperos plan for escaping the epidemic was to gather a thousand hale and light-hearted friends from his court and keep them at heart a wall. The courtiers brought massy hammers to weld the bolts. Within the wall the people basically rejoiced to keep away from the Red Death.3. What do the ebony clock and its arresting chimes add to the plot? Can you think of any symbolic mensurate the clock might have? *4. What symbolic evidence can you find in Poes use of the pursuit? * A. the number sevenB. the use of colors, especially the black and scarlet in the seventh room C. the exertion from east to west in the sequence of the roo ms and throughout the story 5. In your opinion, how does this allusion add a layer of meaning to this story? *6. The want of parental affection, wrote Poe has been the heaviest of my trials. Explain why Poe would make such a statement. *7. What prominent military academy did Poe attend? Did he graduate? Why or why non? *8. In great detail, comment on Virginia Clemm.*9. Why is much of what we know about Poe wrong?*10. Poe is wide known for inventing what type of story?*

Pfizer Essay Example for Free

Pfizer EssayPfizer has new engine room that helps to access the system easily. They have a smart waggle consisting of proximity device so that as a person walks near a computer, there is a signal emitted by smart card which verifies you. There is use of pin number so that no one can use anformer(a) persons card and pin number is used in other parts of the company such as making charges at cafeteria and accessing the building physically. When Pfizer is deploying education system, they take their clock time to cooperate with people who do business in order to know the risks involved in storing and transferring information. They do not under protect information or overprotect it. Business can be prevent by overprotecting information which can make security be thrown out. They partner with information technology and business in order to protect business, offer quality products and services and make profit. (Betancourt, 2002 pp19-21). Describing policies and measures used by Pfiz er to secure confidentiality, handiness and reliability of selective information and information Confidentiality of data is ensured through a system that employs secret writing such as public key and symmetric key in order to encrypt and decipher information and data.There is an entity that reads sensitive information and data and the key represents a secret property. To ensure availability of data and information Pfizer has prescription coverage to ensure access to its medicines that are new and widely prescribed. by number 866 706 2400, there are live operators to guide patients check to their needs and the programs for public assistance according to medical needs and income. The reported outcome of patients measures determines how treatment of a disease affects patients.To ensure there are results that are useful clinically data gathered must use current cognitive psychology, clinician and patient input. This is done by find out the purpose of patient reported outcome in order to demonstrate its reliability. (Nurss, 1998 pp11-12). How Pfizer musical arrangement protect loss of data In order to avoid loss of data, Pfizer protects privacy of information collected from external organizations through online opportunity process of submission which supplements privacy indemnity of Pfizer which can also apply to personal data and identifiable information.For Pfizer to ensure personal data is secure, it uses data customary that protects electronic and manual processing. Security technology in online opportunity ensures securities that avoid loss of data, debauch of data, unauthorized disclosure, destruction and alteration of data. Steps taken to ensure data remain accessible in event of harmful event such as fire and other natural disaster Actions are taken to lower exposure to risk arising from hazard to safeguard development efforts. Developing systems for early precedent helps in reducing risks and having capabilities to respond to catastrophic eve nts.Disaster recovery is used in recovering information in event of catastrophe. Disaster recovery planning is devoted to prepare for action to respond to catastrophic event. Assessment in disaster recovery is simulating catastrophic event and planning for disaster recovery in order to have recovery need that are specified. Plan for disaster recovery state epoch the recovery should take and the state of data expected by the users and management need to be sure all the time of these specifications which are substantiate by recovery assessment.Things I think Pfizer could do to and enhance information securityThere should be enough circulating space inside the organization so that staff can move around freely without use of lifts. Employees should avoid calling their colleagues using phones but instead use face to face communication about information concerning the organization and cellular office space should help to make communication easy. Government should take action to develo p mechanisms for manduction information with private sector by engaging private sector actively in determining requirement of information and having a partnership that is based on trust. ( Parker, 1996 pp21-23).

Internal Controls Essay Example for Free

Internal harbors EssayThe Company that held the most appeal and most overall steady maturement of success was amazon. com Inc. This come with has had losses recently, but overall it has held firm among its way and profitability. The annual report for Amazon in the e-campus library showed phenomenal coverage for over the last fifteen years of reporting financials. In 2013, it has been ranked number 49 and the reason behind it is the technology factors of creating the Kindle Fire, which sold tremendously. The companys earnings in 2013 has been in the billions. In 2012, the company made over $61 billion.That was a 27% increase due to the technology softw ar that the smaller Kindle Fire introduced. Prime Instant idiot box Selection among Amazon which originated in 1998 has been steady with its growth. Now, as the Prime Video Selection makes its way into the point within amazon. com for consumers, the results or profits are estimated to be outrageous for the company. Amazon. c om not only has a company in the United States, but as well internationally. Electronic technology has allowed Amazon. com to start out as a small company and skyrocket and become a leading seller and company in America today.Digital media has expanded over 23 million people in television, books, and magazines. The company is doing exceptionally well. The company has over 88, 400 full time employees and shareholder numbers are at 3,075. ( University Library, capital of Arizona University XACC/210 May 29,2013 ) The company is an electronic shopping catalog compositors case of business and its Internal Controls extend from management to data entry sophistication. I would think that since the website doesnt give a precise use of how immanent controls are conducted I would have to go with Enterprise Risk Management.This Internal Control is a type of software that links accounting and administrated functions into a total record keeping and reporting system that push aside be overlook ed by management as well as the board of directors in that company. often the board of directors, whose duty it is to oversee the ethical and commercial operations of a company and set policy, go out access the ERM through their feature intranet that allows them a secure online venue where they provide review the companys books and operations, upload their own documents, make notes and discuss the company in private.Securities and Exchange Commission Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports) general I think that Amazon has good management internal controls pertaining to the type of business that it is. There are quite a few of employees, so management within this type of internal control can establish good reliability.

Paradigm Shifts of Church History Essay Example for Free

Paradigm Shifts of Church History EssayAs described by Bosch in his foreword he talks about the title as ambiguous. Transforming arouse be an adjective used to describe relegating. Mission can be understood as not the enterprise that transforms reality, but something that is itself world transformed. Lets now look at the graduation exercise paradigm shift. 1. Primitive Christianity . go and gravel disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the devoted Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I harbor commanded you. 2 The great commission has to be taken into account with the relaxation of Matthews gospel where we see the road of mission to the gentiles is open. The Mission of messiah was to breakdown boundaries and to include all, point those who were seen as enemies. God invites all and it is those who respond that are accepted. Early Christian mission was focused simply on the Jews. Mission to the gentiles came as a spin-off mission.Early Christian mission involved the someone of Jesus and it was political and revolutionary. The revolutionary aspect was seen in the novel relationships it brought among Jews, Greek, free, slave, rich, poor, women etc. The early church had to close their witness (martyria) with their blood Martyrdom and Mission says Hans von Campenhaussen belonged together. 3 2. The Patristic Period (The Eastern Church) Mission in the Patristic ( runner fathers) period is thoroughly church centered which means that the church is the aim the fulfillment of the Gospel, quite a than the instrument or means of mission4.In Orthodox thinking, mission is the authority of liturgy (public worship). A witnessing club is a community of worshippers. Also Orthodox mission is founded on the love of God as seen in privy 316. The church began to progress too, the apostles and itinerant preachers were replaced by bishops and deacons and later too was the monastic front (which was the pract ice of renouncing arealy pursuits to fully devote ones self to spiritual work). Mission to the non-Roman Asia spread main(prenominal)ly by the Nestorian monastic orders (who emphasized the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus).In 1054 the great schism took place between the Eastern and Western church. This was the beginning of the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. Constantine moved the headquarters of the conglomerate from Rome to Constantinople and the church began to compromise with the conjure politically. The church became secularised and Salvation was a gradual progress that leads to the divine. 3. The knightly Roman Catholic Period Then the master told his servant, Go out to the roads and country lanes and restrain them to come in, so that my house will be full. 5 Where the early church took its missioner text from John 316 talking about the love of God, the Roman Catholic Church had the focus of have them to come in. They argued that there was no buyback outside the formal membership of the RC Church. The Roman imperium had become linked to the RC Church. The Catholic Church became extremely influential over the State and loyalty to the state meant being loyal to the church. Islam became increasingly popular in the East leading to the capture of Constantinople in 1453. pontiff Alexander VI divided the colonized world into two for mission purposes.One was under the queen of Spain and the some other under the King of Portugal. The mission of the church was linked to the mission of the state. They sent Missionaries to the colonized territories. atomic number 63 was broadly seen as Christian and therefore no real need for evangelism. The monastic movement may have been the reason was so much authentic Christianity evolved in Europes dark ages. rehabilitation Period (the Protestant Paradigm) I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes first to the Jew, the n to the Gentile. 6 Martin Luther had a realization that Gods righteousness did not mean Gods punishment and wrath, but his gift of grace and mercy in which anyone could be saved. Bosch noted that the Protestant missionary paradigm tended to vary from various extremes. Bosch shows that although the opinion of mission was there among the Protestants, their involvement was limited. This was due to (a) their primary task was to reform the church (b) contact with non-Christians was little (c) they were struggling to survive (d) denial of the monastic orders meant they denied themselves access to classical services and (e) their own internal struggles.Luthers reformation made little sense of this world, Calvinism in Holland (developed Luthers doctrine of justification by faith) and Puritanism in England (the Protestant church regarded the Reformation of the Church of England as broken and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship) did. Bosch then refers to Gisbertus Voetiuss t hreefold model of the theology of mission. He sees these dimensions as (a) conversion of the Gentiles (b) planting of the church and (c) the glory and manifestation of divine grace (he saw the churches of old and new standing as equal)7.Enlightenment Period Mission during this period was diverse and multifaceted than ever before. The variety show from medieval to enlightenment thinking made the supernatural redundant and the natural attracted more attention. God, the church and the nobles were no longer revered, but nature was. This gospel of the kingdom will be preached in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come. 8 The thief comes only to take away and kill and destroy I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full. 9 Then Jesus came to them and said, All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spiri t, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. 10 During this period as you can see from the scriptures above, the main sense of mission was the urgency of the coming of the new millennium.The modern missionary enterprise has been greatly influenced by the enlightenments concept of ecclesiastical and cultural expansion. These were in the church and state. Colonisation and Christianisation went together, and were two sides of the selfsame(prenominal) coin. Later, during the enlightenment the two went onto separate paths, forces of renewal and the second awakening. 6. Ecumenical Period The church turned from being an institution to being the body of Christ with its outlook on mission being revitalized and seen afresh.missioner conferences began to emerge as Bosch referring to Gunther ecclesiological reflections of missionary conferences from Edinburgh 1910 to Mexico City in 196311. The Missio Dei concept firs t surfaced in 1952 at the Willingen Conference12. The idea of God as a missionary God13. Mission as stated by Bosch is as follows meditating salvation the quest for justice evangelism contextualization, liberation, inculturation common witness ministry by the holy people of God, witness to people of other living faiths and as action in hope. Bosch looks at the life of Jesus with what we can learn for mission today.

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of Gout

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of urarthritisA 50 year-old male presented for an evaluation of rapid onset of pain and gibbousness in his c everyplace toe. The diligent reported that he had two similar previous episodes with the same symptoms lasting quaternion to volt days and was treated by emergency physicians.The longanimouss past medical history is operative for hypertension and treated with Hydrochlorothiazide.The review of systems was negative for headache, fever, chills, rash, earache, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, vision changes, weight loss, or change in appetite or disposition. The patient was afebrile, and this blood squelch was slightly elevated.PHYSICAL EXAMINATION General The patient is a pleasant male who appears to be in no app bent distress. Vital Signs blood pressure 123/48, heart rate 76, Temperature 38.3 and 98% on room air. HEENT Extraocular muscles are intact. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. tell apart Supple. No jugular vein distention noted. No carotid bruits noted. Lungs Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheezes, rubs or rhonchi. boldness Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1, S2. A 2/6 to 3/6 systolic exclusion murmur at the right upper sternal border. PMI is nondisplaced. Abdomen Notable for laparoscopy surgical wound. Positive catgut sounds. Extremities MTP is red, hot and swollen. Neurologic The patient is alert and oriented x3. No focal neurologic deficits noted.PathophysiologyGout is an seditious disease characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in and around crossroadss, subcutaneous tissues, and kidneys. Although men and women are equally affected by gout, men are six times more likely to pick out serum concentrations above 7 mg per dL. Gout typically occurs during middle age and is uncommon originally the age 30 years old. Women rarely clear gouty arthritis antiaircraft guns before menopa enforce 1.Clinical introGout attacks are usually associated with p recipitated events. Patients usually present with rapid onset of severe pain, bump, redness, and warmth in one or tow joints. This pain and inflammation are caused by inflammatory response. knifelike attack untreated attacks usually last two to 21 days depending on cases. There are four clinical introduces of gout according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The first stage is cognise as asymptomatic hyperurecemia. During this stage, the patients can have an elevation of uric acid in the blood moreover they do not have any symptoms yet. After more and more urate deposits around a joint and if any trauma triggers the release of crystal into the joint space, patients will suffer exquisite attacks of gout. This second stage is known as sagacious gouty arthritis. The third stage, known as detachment or intercritical gout, involves the separation between subtile flare gout attacks with persist crystals in the joints. When cryst als deposits continue to accumulate, patients are likely to rear chronically stiff and swollen joints. This stage is called chronic tophceous gout. Some permanent damage to affected joints and sometimes to kidneys can be seen. This advanced stage is relatively uncommon if patients receive proper treatment.Differential diagnosisGout in the elderly is often polyarticular and involves upper extremity joints (especially proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints). Women present 70% of the time with polyarticular disease rather than the classic monoarticular arthritis seen in men. Gout can be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis because tophi may resemble rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid factors often become weakly positive as populate age. It may be difficult to differentiate cellulitis or septic arthritis from gout, particularly when a fever, leukocytosis, redness, or sloughing is present. The term pseudogout, for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, beli es the difficulty in clinically differentiating it from gout. For definitive diagnosis, joint precarious moldiness be aspirated for culture and a search for urate crystals.Diagnostic TestThe gold standard diagnostic stress for gout is an arthrocentesis. The American College of Rheumatology has established 12 clinical criteria, 6 of which a patient must have for diagnosis.* Maximum joint inflammation within 1 day* More than one attack over time* Monoarticular arthritis (although gout can be polyarticular)* Redness of joint* Great metatarsophalangeal pain or swelling* Unilateral great metatarsophalangeal involvement* Unilateral tarsal involvement* Suspected tophus* Hyperuricemia* Asymmetrical swelling within the joint on x-ray* Subcortical cysts without erosion on x-ray* Joint fluid culture negative for organisms during attackTreatment and ManagementThe gold of treating gout is to background or authorise the urate crystals from the joints and other structures associated with them. Several aspects must be taken into consideration and each treatment regiment is vary from patients to patients. The three main objectives that FNP take into consideration are treatment for the acute attacks, prophylaxis against recurrent attacks, and management of hyperurecemia. symptomless hyperurecemia urate-lowering drugs is not recommended to treat patients with asymptomatic hyperurecemia. If hyperurecemia is identified, underlying causes such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption, and hypertension should be addressed.Acute gout NSAIDs are being used as first-line therapy. Indomethacin (Indocin), ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Naprosyn), sulindac (Clinoril), piroxicam (Feldene) are also effective against gout.Corticosteroidsintra-articular, intravenous, intramuscular or oral corticosteroids are effective in acute gout. When one or two joints are involved, intra-articular injection of corticosteroid can be used.Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide is as effectiv e as indomethacin in relieving acute gouty arthritis. Triamcinolone acetonide is especially reusable in patients with contraindication to NSAIDs.Oral prednisone is an option when repeat dosing is anticipate. Prenisone, 0.5 mg per kg on day 1 and tapered by 5 mg each day is effective.Cochicine is also effective treatment for acute gout. However, majority of patients experience gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.Patient EducationIf they are obese, they should be advised to bring forth a concerted program of supervised weight reduction (see Chapter 233), but to avoid starvation or very low calorie diets that may only exacerbate the risk of gout. Drinkers should be warned against binges. Maintenance of goodish hydration needs to be stressed to those at risk for nephrolithiasis. On the other hand, patients will find it cheering to know that severe dietary restrictions are unnecessary. Fasting should be avoided because it may precipitate an attack. The importance of treating an acute attack at the first sign on of illness also needs to be stressed. For the patient with interval gout, a discussion of the risks and benefits of prophylactic therapy and the importance of compliance is indicated. Those taking allopurinol should be warned of the risk of a hypersensitivity reaction and advised to cease intake immediately and call the physician at the first sign of a rash, fever, or other manifestation. Pain management is the primary concern during acute phase of and attack. The patient should be advised to take analgesic medications as schedule. The joint should be rested as overmuch as possible in a position of comfort. Ice, not heat, may help with reducing discomfort. destructionGout is one of the most causes of acute monoarticular arthritis. Primary gout runs in families and follows multifactorial inheritance. The expanded use of agents that decrease uric acid excretion has significantly increased the incidence of secondary gou t. The Fremingham Study suggested that well-nigh half of new cases were associated with thiazide use.The FNP should be able to properly diagnose acute gout, treat it, prevent recurrence, and minimize the chances for the development of chronic gouty arthritis. Patients who present with asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be further investigated to prevent complications from this disorder.

The competitiveness of pharmaceutical industry in Saudi Arabia

The competitiveness of pharmaceutic pains in Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian ArabiaThe aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the competitiveness of the pharmaceutic assiduity in Saudi Arabia, what bleak companies sine qua non to read before entering this commercialise and evaluation of such investment. I go out discourse the boundaries of this manufacturing beneath I bear witnessament briefly highlight competitiveness of the Pharmaceutical industry at the global level.Boundaries of the industryThe scope of this analysis is the pharmaceutic industry where Key Products argon human drugs excluding vet drugs, medical devices and diagnostics. Key players in the grocery store be pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, distribution agents, chemical chain pharmacies and patients support groups. As Porter identifies an industry as the group of firms producing products that are close backings for each other (Porter, 1980, p. 5), I will take the perspective of the pharm aceutical companies.The geographic scope of this paper is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, large hospitals and institutions constitute entranceway to medications through and through external brokers (Business Monitor International, 2010) making the market open to planetary competition.Many pharmaceutical companies in the Saudi Market are internationalist companies (IMS wellness, 2010). Six out of the top ten pharmaceutical companies, as measured by their 2009 sales, in the Saudi Market are international companies basketb any team of them are Ameri cannister (IMS health, 2010).This leads to broadening the competition scope to take a global level as will be discussed. Also in that respect is a very high impact of supra-state organizations corresponding FDA and EMEA as Saudi Arabia considers guidelines and warnings issued by them as a reference (Business Monitor International, 2010). For example approval or suspension of a medication by those authorities impacts the busine ss of the drug in the Saudi Market (ibid). So changes at the global level are reflected on the market.Overview on the Saudi Pharmaceutical MarketThe total market size was around US$ 2.65bn in 2008 and due to the countrys wealth, novel patented drugs and expensive sensations are ontogenesis in take aim (Business Monitor International, 2010).One of the good tools to analyze the external factors affecting or force in the future affect the industry is PESTLE analysis (Armstrong, 2006). It is an acronym for Political, economic competitive, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ethical factors. face at the six dimensions, offer a good insight for strategic analysis (ibid).Political freshen (Insurance companies and equipment casualty pressures)Although the middle-east tends to be a politically unstable area, the political body in Saudi Arabia is comparatively stable (Business Monitor International, 2010). The political power lies in the hand of the king who faces new challenges including pressures from the United Sates to change the system (Shoult, 2006). Yet, with 25% of worlds oil reserves in the country, international powers, including the US, see stability of the kingdom in their save (Business Monitor International, 2010). much(prenominal) political stability could symbolise a motive for international pharmaceutical companies to invest in the kingdom. However political stability alone is not the only factor to consider for investment decisions. Other dimensions in the fol miserableing analysis will give a more than comp view of the industry.Economic Competitive ReviewWith the discovery of oil reserves in Saudi Arabia in 1930s, the country turned into a first-world economy (Shoult, 2006). Saudi Economy is ranked among the top ten to the highest degree competitive economies (Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority). Saudi Pharmaceutical market is the largest among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries with an estimated double soma annual ga in till 2019 (Business Monitor International, 2010). Such a high growth rate should represent an attractive prospect to foreign pharmaceutical companies especially at times of international slow down. just about companies analogous JJ consider Saudi Arabia as one for the international emerging markets along with Brazil, Russia, India and China that the union is willing to invest in to expand its business (Al-Abd, 2009).Socio-Cultural ReviewThe Saudi pharmaceutical industry like some(prenominal) other industries is reliant to a great extent on expatriate workers whether as pharmacists or physicians (Shoult, 2006). This increases bargaining power of suppliers to residency visas to pharmaceutical companies as discussed below.The Saudi glossiness is a very unprogressive one (ibid). Direct to the patient forwardingal activities although legal, might be a very risky trip especially in certain therapeutic areas like women and men health. That could mend the competition between ph armaceutical companies more aggressive at the level of prescribing physicians. More details about this will be discussed on a lower floor the 5 forces analysis below.From my generate, when it comes to patients support groups virtually of them are relatively newly established. Their role, so far, is limited to increase the awareness about illnesses and trying to minimize the stigma associated with slightly diseases like psychiatric illnesses and HIV. They dont present a real threat for lobbying or exerting pressures on pharmaceutical companies. So or so companies perceive them as an opportunity to increase awareness about illnesses and grow the total market size.Technological reviewMost of the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic Saudi companies dont oblige the know-how of manufacturing high technological products like bio-technology products and anti-cancer therapy (Business Monitor International, 2010). So the market of those therapeutic areas is nearly totally controlled by in ternational companies (ibid). This should represent an opportunity for topical anaesthetic companies as the development of such qualification could be a differentiating advantage versus all local Saudi incumbents. Yet, developing such capabilities would require a very heavy sign investment (Bogner, Thomas, McGee, 1996). On average, it takes around US$ 700 million to develop a new molecule and thence around US$ 400 million for marketing activities (Leask Parker, 2007). One of the characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry is the slowness of diffusion of new technologies, where around 17 years is needful for the results of clinical trials to turn standard clinical practice (Porter, 1985, p. 406). This may be due to the legal and ethical issues related to the pharmaceutical industry, which brings us to the last element of PESTLE analysis.Legal and Ethical FactorsThe pharmaceutical industry is novelly under scrutiny like never before (Beller, 2008), especially when it comes to relations with health care professionals. With the Foreign besmirch Practices Act in the United States and the very aggressive penalties on the giant attach to Pfizer, $ 2.3 Billion by the FDA (The raw(a) York Times, 2009) nigh of the companies became very conservative. International companies, especially American ones, find themselves forced to follow Health Care Compliance Guidelines. This factor is not affecting local Saudi Companies, where such regulations are not in place (Al-Abd, 2009). For example, it is very common for local Saudi pharmaceutical companies to invite physicians and even leveragers for international trips with their families in a practice that is not controlled or regulated by Saudi Health government (ibid).This PESTLE analysis represents the outline of the playing ground. Competitive force and what is happening inside could be seen by the following 5 forces analysis.Five Forces AnalysisAs per Porter, the health care industry is very complex, super cus tomized and, unlike many other industries, con contenters have limited information (Porter, 1985). Porter identified five forces that can drive the competition in an industry (Porter, 1980). The following analysis will briefly go through the impact of each force in the Saudi pharmaceutical market.Threat of raw(a) EntrantNew entrant into an industry exerts pressure on incumbents prices and costs hence represent a risk in eroding their profitability (Porter, 1985). The colour of new entrants will depend on the ease of entering the market and Porter identifies seven factors that might represent an entry barrier (ibid).I find at least(prenominal) four of them to be applicable in Saudi pharmaceutical market, the relative high investment essential to establish a new pharmaceutical company, government policies that raised the cost required for registering new drugs (Al-Abd, 2009), the recent price cuts enforced by Saudi Ministry of Health (Business Monitor International, 2010), incumbe ncy advantage including know-how for manufacturing and unequal access to distribution channels. For example, many hospitals now have regulations that necessitate the removal of a drug from their formularies in bon ton to add a new one (Al-Abd, 2009). This makes doctors face tough decision upon requesting new medications. All of these factors are in favor of incumbent companies and might represent entry barriers. On the other hand the low switching cost is an opportunity for new entrants. From my sleep together, peddleing from a medication to an alternative or a generic doesnt cause any switching costs.Pharmaceutical companies in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to make special offers or special discounts (Al-Abd, 2009). They also cant explicitly state the disadvantage of a competitor. Such heavy regulation would minimize the impact of retaliation against a new entrant.The Power of SuppliersIn Saudi Arabia, foreign pharmaceutical companies dont have a legal entity as they must work th rough local Saudi agents (Shoult, 2006). Such agents are responsible for the distribution and act as a supplier of labor. My private experience is that, it can be a source of competitive advantage to companies as agents access to lobby visas depends on many factors including but not limited to their personal network with the governmental officials. Therefore some companies expansion plans might be put on hold due to deficiency in visas required for new workers.The Power of BuyersKey grammatical constituenticipants of the industry changed recently with the tendency of buyers to collate into central buying centers like NUPCO, a newly established National Unified Procurement Company for Medical Supplies for all Ministry of Health hospitals (NUPCO). The same applies for National-Guard hospitals which decided to issue a unified tender for purchasing drugs (National Guard Health Affairs). The authors experience shows that even private street pharmacies are dominated by chain pharmacies with central purchasing centers. The say reason behind such moves is usually increasing efficiency (NUPCO) (National Guard Health Affairs). As per Porters five forces for industry analysis, the main reason might be the wish to increase their bargaining power against pharmaceutical companies.The availability of me too products and several generics to non-patent drugs in the Saudi market (IMS Health, 2010) could turn many drugs into a commodity. As several alternatives become available, the bargaining power of purchasers increases (Porter, On Competition, 1985). This in turn could erode companies profitability. Therefore most of the international companies stop promoting their drugs once they lose their patents and shift their focus to new still patent protected drugs (Al-Abd, 2009).The Threat of SubstitutesPorter defines a substitute as something that performs the same or a similar solve as an industrys product by a different means (Porter, 1985, p. 17). With this definition in mi nd, a substitute to a pharmaceutical drug could be a surgery or an alternative practice of medicine. Alternative medicine is common in Saudi Arabia to the extent that an official National Centre for Alternative and Complementary medicine was established in 2008 (Business Monitor International, 2010). Yet, it would be difficult to quantify and measure this market and its impact on the Saudi Pharmaceutical market due to the lack of reliable statistics and the poor control on traditional healers (Al-Rowais, Al-Faris, Mohammad, Al-Rukban, Abdulghani, 2010).As key hospitals can purchase medications through international brokers, this exerts more price pressures on local operating companies. Such international brokers might be considered as a substitute to local pharmaceutical companies. Their impact might lead to forcing the local operating companies to reduce their prices in order to match brokers price which could lead to eroding profitability.Rivalry among Existing CompetitorsThis force analyzes how competitors are jockeying for puts (Porter, 1980, p. 17). It might be the most eventful force in the Saudi Pharmaceutical Market. The Saudi Pharmaceutical Market is fragmented among 271 companies (IMS Health, 2010). This might be one of the reasons behind the high intensity of competition. The leading company, GLAXOSMITHKLINE has a market share of only 9% followed by Pfizer 8% and then the local company SPIMACO 7% and the rest of the market distributed among the remaining companies. vehemence of rivalry increases in cases of Numerous or equally balanced competitors (Porter, 1980, p. 18). Yet the relative high growth rate in the market (IMS Health, 2010), could retain its attractiveness as possibility of reaching zero core group competition looks remote. Porter considers the competition in the health care system as zero sum (Porter, On Competition, 1985). This might be relevant only to the US market. The Saudi Market is not all the same mature given its high g rowth rates and the under awareness and under diagnosis in many therapeutic areas like HIV and ADHD (Business Monitor International, 2010). It might be a positivistic sum competition.From the authors experience, pharmaceutical companies in the Saudi Market can be classified into International companies with most of their products patents and local companies producing mostly generics. Some of the International companies like GLAXOSMITHKLINE and Pfizer work in different therapeutic areas and most of their products are patents so their main strategy might be differentiation. There are other international companies that are focused in one segment, therapeutic area, like Lundbeck in central nervous system and Novo Nordisk in Diabetes (IMS Health, 2010). Such companies are mainly utilizing a niche or focusing strategy. Then there are the Saudi companies producing generics and their main strategy could be cost leadership. The existence of many generics, me too products, increases the inte nsity of competition due to the lack of differentiation (Porter, 1980). Such competition is very clear as many buyers are relying on tenders (Business Monitor International, 2010) rather than direct orders to utilize such competition in their favor. monetary value war among generics companies can be understood with such lack of differentiation. This could be compounded with the high initial investment required as mentioned forward that might raise the exit barrier making companies more committed to the business.When it comes to competition between international companies and local Saudi companies, economies of scale are in favour of international companies as they produce and sell their products worldwide while local Saudi companies usually dont have access to European or American markets due to concerns on quality standards (Business Monitor International, 2010).Advice to a New Firm Entering the MarketFor a new firm entering the market, it needs to carefully business office itsel f. Comprehensive encountering of the industry value chain will be most-valuable for the company to position itself (Porter, 1985).Industry Value ChainIf this new company were a local Saudi one then it should rely on cost leadership. For example, the firm infra structure, like manufacturing facility, should be in a close location to the main consumers like the Ministry of Health in order to minimize the shipping costs. IT infrastructure and human resources all should be designed with cost leadership in mind. Currently most of the local companies purchase their row materials from India in order to reduce their costs.If the new company were an international company, then it would be virtually essential to have patent and differentiated new molecule entities. Such patents would enable the new company to avoid a price war with local generics companies and being differentiated could help in lieu its products against existing international companies. A deep and comprehensive understa nding of the Saudi Market and Saudi culture is also required. This level of understanding would depend on the new company background and whether it has previous experience in the Saudi Market, or not.For the new company to secure its supply of labor and expatriate staff, they need to develop a strategic partnership with a local Saudi vendor.ConclusionAs per Porter, the documental of industry analysis shouldnt be to declare the industry attractive or unattractive (Porter, 1985, p. 5). It should be to understand the drivers of profitability so that more informed decisions could be made (ibid).Future ChangesShift to privatization and private market, shift toward generics.If outsourcing the product from some other company, logistics and registration is the barrier. (You need to register the manufacturing facility which requires inspection by the Saudi FDA to the website a process that takes around one year. The registration process of the drugs itself will take around another one year . This will not limit the entry to the market but it slows down the new competition.Saudi Arabia requires local laboratory testingPay to delayTutor HintsThink about the different levels in the industry value chain, and the fact that the issues of competitiveness at those different levels may be driven by different sets of business environment and industry environment factors. They may also involve different sets of industry players, some of whom may be more extensively integrated across the industry value chain than others, operating different types of business models and competing on different bases and perspectives.Keep the focus firmly at the industry level, and not on individual companies. That said, comments on different companies competing one with another may form part of the analysis and argument.Obviously in choosing an industry and setting some boundaries within which to work, the nature of the industry is one of the factors to consider. Some industries are inherently more international than others. Some markets are more open to international competition than others.CompetitivenessDefine success in the competition, how do you score a goal? is it volume, share, profit, rat recognition? include extent, nature, features and character. And in terms of persuasion about success, once again it is worth thinking about how this is judged best and from whose perspective in any context.Basic analytical models (eg PESTLE, P5F, SW/OT) may depict a useful starting point or provide a basic overview of an industryMy Commentsoutside inPESTLE analysisUnder scrutiny like never before.Inside Out coalesce and acquisitionsImportance of Patents in PharmaAbout 80% of all pharmaceutical products and about 45% of all processes are patented (Arundel and Kabla, 1998).Overall, patent protection is particularly effective in this industry (Gambardella, 1995), playing an important role for preventing imitation (Levin et al., 1987). Typically, patenting occurs when new chemical an d potentially useful compounds are synthesized, applications for them are identified, and manufacturing processes are developed. (Sternitzke, 2010) descent between high innovative propensity and sustained superior profitability in pharmaceutical industry in the US is confirmed (ROBERTS, 1999)Advertising promotion in Pharma decreases price elasticity which means, the heavier the promotional activities, the higher the prices. (Rizzo, 1999)AbstractThis paper uses data on the majority of name-brand antihypertensive drugs marketed in the US during 1988-93 to test the hypothesis that advertising decreases the price elasticity of demand in the pharmaceutical industry. This is the first study to straightaway estimate the effects of drug product promotion on the price elasticity of demand in this industry. We find strong evidence of an advertising effect. In particular, detailing efforts (the salient means for product promotion in this industry) systematically lower price sensitivity. Give n the inverse relationship between elasticity of demand and price, it is likely that consumers pay higher prices as a result of the advertising that occurs in this industry. Our findings are thence consistent with Hurwitz and Caves, who find evidence that advertising inhibits entry into this market but in contrast to earlier research that found no anticompetitive effect.Advertising and Competition in the Ethical Pharmaceutical Industry The baptistry of Antihypertensive DrugsComment on referencingFor chapters of edited books the required elements for a reference areChapter author(s) surname(s) and initials. Year of chapter. title of chapter followed by InBook editor(s) initials and surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name. Year of book. Title of book. Place of emergence Publisher. Chapter number or first and last page numbers followed by full-stop.Smith, J., 1975. A source of information. In W. Jones, ed. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford Oxfo rd University Press. Ch. 2.Samson,C., 1970. Problems of information studies in history. In S. Stone, ed. Humanities information research. Sheffield CRUS, 1980, pp. 44-68.