Piaget Drawing Development

Piaget Drawing DevelopmentLuquet was cardinal of the first to jump verboten researching into the exploitation of poseing using a cognitive reading guess and releasing a book in French during 1927. He depict differing stages of induceing teaching which a minor testament pass d iodine this became known as the stage account. Luquet mentation that after a accomplishment of scribbling that youngsterren go through, thither were four stages of realism which pincerren altogetherow as well as go through. These were thought to be fortuitous realism, failed realism, intellectual realism and optic realism. unca characterd realism conveys the childs order of payment as aroundly scribbles only the child push aside see real life intentions within the marks. The child testament do this again and again and nonice these accidental inventations, until they reach the point where they go forth direct out intending to vomit just aboutthing representational from real life .The child result be entering the second stage which is failed realism when they consistently set out with the intent to take something resembling real life. During this stage an adult persona of tail see an adult can see what the child has set out to draw although it can look like there are some mistakes with important features missed out and objects not al centerings where they should be, (such as a childs drawing of a parent, where the parent has a face but no body, with its legs and arms extending out from the head).Intellectual realism occurs when improvements of the childs concentration and attention occurs, importation the drawing will depict prominent important features of the object. This is the stage where the child will feel it is important that the defining features in the shape are drawn. To achieve this, the child will use transparency, draw authoritative features as if like a plan, and draw certain things broken down. However this potential is different to ho w the object is seen in real life and the child notices this and will start to become concerned close to drawing this way.This leads to the child lacking(p) to draw life like representations of an object and this takes the child into the fourth stage, visual realism, which means that the child will draw on object from one perspective and will only draw the objects features from the same perspective.In 1956 Piaget alikek the acidulate of Luquets (1927) stages of drawing to use to develop his framework, which too was using a cognitive development scheme, Piaget didnt see drawing as a special dissociate of development, but rather a window into the general cognitive development of a child. For him, a drawing showed the cognitive competence of a child rather than what stage of development they were at. For the most disperse, Piaget agreed with Luquets guess and twain of there frameworks has similar stages of development for childrens drawing. There are certain strengths for thei r surmisal which include that they seem to explain seeming stages of acquisition, supporting evidence for this was shown by Clark (1897) who studied children aged 6 to 16, they were asked to draw an apple with a hatpin ephemeral through it, the younger children were run aground to draw a continuous contrast while the quondam(a)er children tended to only draw the visible parts of the pin, and freeman Janikoun (1972) who studied cups that were drawn by children. The cups had a flower pattern and were positioned so that palm or flower pattern was either visible for the child or not visible for the child, they build that they younger children pull the handle even when it was not visible where as the older children only drew what they could see. However, the weaknesses for Luquet/Piagets stage theory are that the roles of culture and environment had not been interpreted into consideration. Evidence against their stage theory has been shown by Selfe (1977, 1995) who studied artwo rk of quick-witted children and autistic savants. She studied a young girl with autism who could draw rummy pictures, the drawings she studied were produced by the child between the ages of 3 and 9, and said that the girls pictures were remarkable because they were make while she was so young and because Nadia (the young girl) did not show that she had any type of ability to see conceptually. This goes towards showing that not all children will go through the stages that Luquet and Piaget suggest, but whether this is exclusively for children with conditions such as autism is not currently known. Barret, Beaumont Jennett (1985) also provide evidence against Luquet and Piagets stage theory by talking about the book of instructions which the children received, for instance, did the children receive standard instructions (with the instructor saying draw exactly what you see from where you are sat) or whether the child received distinct instructions (with the instructor saying dr aw exactly what you see from where you are sat, look at it very guardedly so you can draw it just as you see it). They found that when children received the standard instructions 11% of the children got the drawing catch up with, and when the children received the explicit instructions 65% of the children got the drawing correct.According to Luquet (1927), children move gradually from one stage to the next and that they can still draw from pervious stages in when they are in that last stage, this is because they may still want to represent something in a different way. He suggests that the reason children will draw the same things over again without them varying much is not collectable to habit but that they prefer to draw it in that way. Luquets theory should not be considered as just a stage theory as he had more other points to add to it, including the two above, for this reason childrens drawing ability should be seen as more of a fluid motion, since a child will progress th rough the stages but can advantageously slip back if they want to, allowing them to represent not only the part of the object that they see but the whole of the object.Kellogg (1970) utilize a generalist theory and took a different approach by suggesting that drawings of children are just patterns as children only draw things that show what they perceive as commodity form. She found that usually when a child reaches 5 or 6 years old, that most children will be able to draw a fairly accurate and complete person this is because by this age most children will have formed a drawing formula which allows them too continuously and consistently draw an accurate picture of a person. She thought that some shapes can be seen in childrens scribbles and that it is these shapes that can past be used to form a picture. Kellogg did agree that drawing made use of the base of representational experience but says that the use of the lines would differ. Kellogg did come up with a descriptive classi fication that had the appearance of developmental progression by face at thousands of childrens drawings and examining them closely. These drawing showed that the development passed from basic scribbles then diagrams, then shapes finally moving to combining shapes, she suggests that when a child reaches that stage the child is functioning as an artist.Willats (1977) used a perceptual theory but agreed that drawings can be seen as representations but thought that children could peradventure experience perceptual problems when they try to draw a 3D mental image on paper (a 2D space). He also suggested that children can dislodge the solutions to these problems as they grow older and develop. Willats (1977) took children aged from 5 to 17, and showed then a real scene, the children were asked to draw what they saw from a fixed view point. When the children had terminate their drawing Willats chose to classify the drawings using a drawing system which gave a certain score to a pictu re. The score was given based on the number of correct representations of occlusion by overlap. There are many drawing systems and during this investigation six were found, and it was shown that it was the older children who used the more composite plant systems. Willats found that there were discrete stages at which the development took place which was found to cover all the ages of the children tested, this also showed that the ability to use overlap appears continuous, with a couple of(prenominal) children using overlap at under 9 years old with children learning fast between the ages of 10 and 12 years old.Arnheim (1974) used a generalist theory and had suggested that a child will draw an object which will show the defining features (as the child sees them) in the simplest way for the child to be able to draw them within a piece of paper (2D space). One example that was given of this is that a child will most likely draw an animal from the side so that the descent between its legs, tail, and any other defining features are visible allowing pile to clearly see what animal it is, while a child will draw a person from the front, allowing the facial features to be depicted and also showing the symmetry of these features making it clear that it is a person. This was supported by Ives Rovet (1979) who consistently found that children of any age who had passed the scribble stage, and were asked to draw an object that was familiar but without seeing the object, all used those specific slipway of drawing.Luquet and Piaget are the two big names when it comes to looking at the development of drawing in children, but much more research has been done since Luquets initial research in 1927 which was popularised in 1956 by Piaget. They both took the cognitive development approach to drawing development which may have been why they both agreed on the stage theory, with research by others looking into different approaches to drawing development. There is a lot of sup port for Luquet and Piagets theory of stages of drawing development, and although it has a few criticisms, the main one being that it does not account for any cultural differences, most psychologists will agree that there is some form of stages of development that a child will go through when it comes to drawing development. Another criticism of Luquet and Piaget is that it does not think about the children with such developmental conditions as autism and asperger syndrome. These conditions can involve delays and impairments in the development of the childs communicative and social skills, which may delay the child in some areas of development, while other children with these types of disorders have been shown to be good at certain things which including drawing, with some children showing remarkable advancement in drawing. It also depends on the instructions that the children are given as to whether they get the drawing correct or not, and so the instructors have to be careful how they ask the children to draw the object otherwise it may influence how they draw the object.